Table of Content

1 Gilsonite Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Gilsonite
1.2 Gilsonite Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Gilsonite Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027
1.2.2 Gilsonite Lump
1.2.3 Gilsonite Powder
1.3 Gilsonite Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Gilsonite Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.3.2 Foundry
1.3.3 Construction
1.3.4 Oil and Gas
1.3.5 Ink and Paint
1.3.6 Other
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Gilsonite Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Gilsonite Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.3 Global Gilsonite Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5 Global Gilsonite Market by Region
1.5.1 Global Gilsonite Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.5.2 Middle East Gilsonite Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.3 Europe Gilsonite Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 North America Gilsonite Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 Southeast Asia Gilsonite Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Gilsonite Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Gilsonite Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Gilsonite Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Gilsonite Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.5 Manufacturers Gilsonite Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Gilsonite Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Gilsonite Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Gilsonite Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Production and Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production Capacity of Gilsonite Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Gilsonite Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Gilsonite Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 Middle East Gilsonite Production
3.4.1 Middle East Gilsonite Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 Middle East Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe Gilsonite Production
3.5.1 Europe Gilsonite Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 North America Gilsonite Production
3.6.1 North America Gilsonite Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 North America Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 Southeast Asia Gilsonite Production
3.7.1 Southeast Asia Gilsonite Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 Southeast Asia Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)

4 Global Gilsonite Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Gilsonite Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global Gilsonite Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Gilsonite Consumption by Country
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Gilsonite Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Gilsonite Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Gilsonite Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil

5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Gilsonite Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Gilsonite Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Gilsonite Price by Type (2016-2021)

6 Consumption Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Global Gilsonite Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)

7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 American Gilsonite Company
7.1.1 American Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.1.2 American Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.1.3 American Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.1.4 American Gilsonite Company Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 American Gilsonite Company Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Wasit Group
7.2.1 Wasit Group Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.2.2 Wasit Group Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Wasit Group Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.2.4 Wasit Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Wasit Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Chemical Mine World
7.3.1 Chemical Mine World Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.3.2 Chemical Mine World Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Chemical Mine World Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.3.4 Chemical Mine World Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Chemical Mine World Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Asian Gilsonite
7.4.1 Asian Gilsonite Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.4.2 Asian Gilsonite Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Asian Gilsonite Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.4.4 Asian Gilsonite Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Asian Gilsonite Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 ATDM
7.5.1 ATDM Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.5.2 ATDM Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.5.3 ATDM Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.5.4 ATDM Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 ATDM Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Kardoost Ariya Company
7.6.1 Kardoost Ariya Company Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.6.2 Kardoost Ariya Company Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Kardoost Ariya Company Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.6.4 Kardoost Ariya Company Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Kardoost Ariya Company Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 Nikan West Gilsonite Company
7.7.1 Nikan West Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.7.2 Nikan West Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.7.3 Nikan West Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.7.4 Nikan West Gilsonite Company Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Nikan West Gilsonite Company Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Asia Gilsonite
7.8.1 Asia Gilsonite Gilsonite Corporation Information
7.8.2 Asia Gilsonite Gilsonite Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Asia Gilsonite Gilsonite Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.8.4 Asia Gilsonite Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Asia Gilsonite Recent Developments/Updates

8 Gilsonite Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Gilsonite Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Gilsonite
8.4 Gilsonite Industrial Chain Analysis

9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Gilsonite Distributors List
9.3 Gilsonite Customers

10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Gilsonite Industry Trends
10.2 Gilsonite Growth Drivers
10.3 Gilsonite Market Challenges
10.4 Gilsonite Market Restraints

11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Gilsonite by Region (2022-2027)
11.2 Middle East Gilsonite Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.3 Europe Gilsonite Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.4 North America Gilsonite Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.5 Southeast Asia Gilsonite Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)

12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Gilsonite
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Gilsonite by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Gilsonite by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Gilsonite by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Gilsonite by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Gilsonite by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Gilsonite by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Gilsonite by Type (2022-2027)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Gilsonite by Application (2022-2027)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion

15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer

List of Figure

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Gilsonite Market Size by Type (Kiloton) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027)
Table 2. Global Gilsonite Consumption (Kiloton) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 3. Gilsonite Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 4. Global Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Gilsonite Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Gilsonite Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Gilsonite as of 2020)
Table 10. Global Market Gilsonite Average Price (US$/Ton) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 11. Manufacturers Gilsonite Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Gilsonite Product Types
Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 14. Global Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 16. Global Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global Gilsonite Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 18. Global Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 19. Middle East Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 20. Europe Gilsonite Production (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 21. North America Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 22. Southeast Asia Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 23. Global Gilsonite Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Table 24. Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 25. North America Gilsonite Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Table 26. Europe Gilsonite Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Gilsonite Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Table 28. Latin America Gilsonite Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Table 29. Global Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 30. Global Gilsonite Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 31. Global Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 32. Global Gilsonite Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 33. Global Gilsonite Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Global Gilsonite Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Table 35. Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 36. Global Gilsonite Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. American Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 38. American Gilsonite Company Specification and Application
Table 39. American Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 40. American Gilsonite Company Main Business and Markets Served
Table 41. American Gilsonite Company Recent Developments/Updates
Table 42. Wasit Group Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 43. Wasit Group Specification and Application
Table 44. Wasit Group Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 45. Wasit Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. Wasit Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 47. Chemical Mine World Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 48. Chemical Mine World Specification and Application
Table 49. Chemical Mine World Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 50. Chemical Mine World Main Business and Markets Served
Table 51. Chemical Mine World Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. Asian Gilsonite Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 53. Asian Gilsonite Specification and Application
Table 54. Asian Gilsonite Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 55. Asian Gilsonite Main Business and Markets Served
Table 56. Asian Gilsonite Recent Developments/Updates
Table 57. ATDM Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 58. ATDM Specification and Application
Table 59. ATDM Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 60. ATDM Main Business and Markets Served
Table 61. ATDM Recent Developments/Updates
Table 62. Kardoost Ariya Company Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 63. Kardoost Ariya Company Specification and Application
Table 64. Kardoost Ariya Company Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 65. Kardoost Ariya Company Main Business and Markets Served
Table 66. Kardoost Ariya Company Recent Developments/Updates
Table 67. Nikan West Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 68. Nikan West Gilsonite Company Specification and Application
Table 69. Nikan West Gilsonite Company Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 70. Nikan West Gilsonite Company Main Business and Markets Served
Table 71. Nikan West Gilsonite Company Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. Asia Gilsonite Gilsonite Corporation Information
Table 73. Asia Gilsonite Specification and Application
Table 74. Asia Gilsonite Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 75. Asia Gilsonite Main Business and Markets Served
Table 76. Asia Gilsonite Recent Developments/Updates
Table 77. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 78. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 79. Gilsonite Distributors List
Table 80. Gilsonite Customers List
Table 81. Gilsonite Market Trends
Table 82. Gilsonite Growth Drivers
Table 83. Gilsonite Market Challenges
Table 84. Gilsonite Market Restraints
Table 85. Global Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 86. North America Gilsonite Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (Kiloton)
Table 87. Europe Gilsonite Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (Kiloton)
Table 88. Asia Pacific Gilsonite Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (Kiloton)
Table 89. Latin America Gilsonite Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (Kiloton)
Table 90. Global Gilsonite Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (Kiloton)
Table 91. Global Gilsonite Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 92. Global Gilsonite Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$/Ton)
Table 93. Global Gilsonite Consumption (Kiloton) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 94. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 95. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 96. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Gilsonite
Figure 2. Global Gilsonite Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 3. Gilsonite Lump Product Picture
Figure 4. Gilsonite Powder Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Gilsonite Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 6. Foundry
Figure 7. Construction
Figure 8. Oil and Gas
Figure 9. Ink and Paint
Figure 10. Other
Figure 11. Global Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 12. Global Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027)
Figure 13. Global Gilsonite Production Capacity (Kiloton) & (2016-2027)
Figure 14. Global Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) & (2016-2027)
Figure 15. Middle East Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 16. Europe Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 17. North America Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 18. Southeast Asia Gilsonite Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 19. Gilsonite Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 20. Global Gilsonite Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 21. Gilsonite Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020
Figure 22. Global Market Gilsonite Average Price (US$/Ton) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 23. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Gilsonite Revenue in 2020
Figure 24. Global Gilsonite Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 25. Middle East Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 26. Europe Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 27. North America Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 28. Southeast Asia Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 29. Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 30. Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 31. North America Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 32. North America Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 33. Canada Gilsonite Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 34. U.S. Gilsonite Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 35. Europe Gilsonite Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 36. Europe Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 37. Germany America Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 38. France Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 39. U.K. Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 40. Italy Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 41. Russia Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 44. China Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 45. Japan Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 46. South Korea Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 47. Taiwan Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 49. India Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 50. Australia Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 51. Latin America Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 52. Latin America Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 53. Mexico Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 54. Brazil Gilsonite Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (Kiloton)
Figure 55. Production Market Share of Gilsonite by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 56. Production Market Share of Gilsonite by Type in 2020
Figure 57. Revenue Share of Gilsonite by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 58. Revenue Market Share of Gilsonite by Type in 2020
Figure 59. Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 60. Global Gilsonite Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 61. Global Gilsonite Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 62. Key Raw Materials Price Trend
Figure 63. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Gilsonite
Figure 64. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Gilsonite
Figure 65. Gilsonite Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 66. Channels of Distribution
Figure 67. Distributors Profiles
Figure 68. Global Gilsonite Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Figure 69. Middle East Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 70. Europe Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 71. North America Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 72. Southeast Asia Gilsonite Production (Kiloton) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 73. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Gilsonite (2015-2027) & (Kiloton)
Figure 74. Global Gilsonite Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 75. Global Gilsonite Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 76. Global Gilsonite Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure 77. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 78. Data Triangulation